HF Baluns ( Homebrew )
Baluns let's get started:
Contrary to what most commercial balun vendors try to make us believe, there is no such thing as a "best" balun or "one-size-fits-all" balun.
- Which toroid size?
- Which Ferrite mix?
- Which size of wire or which type of coax?
- How many turns of wire or coax?
- Reisert cross-wind or classic wind?
With this many variables, how can there possibly be just ONE balun type that is best?
If that were true, there wouldn't be so many variables to work with and there would have been no need for Jerry Sevick to write his book on Baluns and Ununs.
Yet most salesmen trying to sell you a balun will try to make you believe there is a "best" that most people use. NONSENSE!
A GENERAL PURPOSE TUNER BALUN:
The selection of components for your tuner balun will depend on the required bands it must cover as well as the power level it must handle.
In a perfect world, we would have 3 different baluns, one for 160/80, one for 40/30 and one for 20-10m. We would swap them in and out as necessary.
In our real world, this is not a practical solution, so we seek the best compromise.
The tables below show recommended values. In some cases it shows more than one possibility. Again I remind you it is always a compromise when trying to cover multiple bands. Where there is a choice, the one solution will favor the lower band(s), the other solution will favor the higher band(s).
RECOMMENDATIONS:
(most effective)
NOTE: The combinations marked with a yellow background are typical for what most people will use for their 80-10m tuner balun.
IMPORTANT: The tables above assume your want your matchbox to be usable with "any kind" of openwire-fed antenna. It seems to me that most people designing baluns make the assumption that most users will only use the matchbox with symmetrical antennas. They seem to forget that some users want to match openwire-fed OCFD antennas or vertical-dipoles with it. These two antennas just mentioned can tend to have a lot of common mode current on them. The table above takes that into consideration and suggests toroids with enough permeability for the job. If you are only matching a center-fed dipole or a full-wave loop and these are hung high and in the clear of surrounding objects, then you may wish to use toroid cores with less permeability - thus slightly less loss. In that case, in the tables above, substitute as follows:
Instead of #31, use #43 Instead of #43, use #52
Cross-Winding using the Reisert (W1JR) Method:
With classical winding, both ends of coax end up sitting next to each other on the same side of the toroid. Often this is OK. Sometimes it is advantageous to have them at opposite sides of the toroid (i.e. one on top, the other on the bottom).
- Begin by secuing the coax cable very tight to the toroid with one or two wire ties, leaving a stub length long enough for the planned connection.
- You may wind towards the left or the right, it doesn't matter.
- Wind half of the turns on one side of the toroid.
- Once you have reached the middle of the side opposite from where you begin, bend the coax 180 degrees and run it back to its initial starting position, but slightly off center towards the free half of the toroid.
- When you reach to opposide side, take care that the cable passes the toroid on the opposite side than where it passed at the beginning of this curve. Sounds difficult. Please observe where turn 9 in the picture above moves across the toroid and becomes turn 10. It begins above the toroid and on the opposite side it runs under the toroid.
- Procede winding the other half of the turns onto the other half of the toroid.
- Once reaching the end of the free half of the toroid, you should have the number of turns you were attempting to wind onto the toroid.
Summation:
If you have any questions about this or the practices of this site, please contact us.